The local effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) on the inflammatory atheroma: beyond LDL cholesterol lowering

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has gained extensive attention since the discovery of its role in mediating hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor (LDLR) degradation, and therefore regulating plasma LDL cholesterol clearance. However, emerging studies have indicated that PCSK9 may pleiotropic effects on development atherosclerosis eventually cardiac dysfunction by mechanisms independent regulation levels. In this review, we will discuss recent findings how affects cellular responses pro-inflammatory microenvironment within local atherosclerotic vascular wall, which are critical for plaque progression. We also research potential direct cardiomyocyte viability function. These pathways be understanding PCSK9’s cardioprotective beyond lowering.